I'm not sure what the problem might be. That's the adapter I'm using - I set it up and it stayed OK.
I don't remember if I could get to the level adjustment screw while the radio was on or if I had to try it - readjust - try it - readjust,...
But you want to have the radio at 3/4 or a little above and adjust the screw to proper sound level for that volume setting.
Also check that the RCA's from the deck are hooked to it correctly - I don't think they had them marked very clearly. Not sure that that would cause the problem you're having but ...???
Maybe the GMOS-04 itself is faulty - if you got it locally, maybe they'll let you try a new one and if it works return the old one??